YUANNENGJI 隨著LED照明技術的不斷發展以及社會對能源危機的日益關注, LED照明產業迎來全面爆發期, 吸引大量資金和企業入駐, 照明市場的競爭也日益激烈.
如果我們看一下LED照明技術的發展, 我們可以從三個方面來談: 晶片級, 包裝水平, 和應用程式層級. 晶片層面主要關注LED的製造技術; 封裝層面主要是如何將LED晶片轉換成可以用於照明的燈珠或光源; LED應用層面的技術開發較為複雜, mainly including the development of electronic control technology, the development and use of new materials, and the development and improvement of environmental lighting quality evaluation technology.
Chip level
The pursuit of high luminous efficiency has always been the driving force for the development of LED chip technology. Flip-chip technology is currently one of the main technologies for obtaining high-efficiency and high-power LED chips. Sapphire and its supporting vertical structure laser substrate lift-off technology (LLO) and new bonding technology in substrate materials will still dominate for a long time.
But in the near future, 金屬半導體結構將用於改善歐姆接觸, 水晶品質, 電子遷移率與電注入效率. 同時, 透過對LED晶片形狀和光子晶體表面進行粗糙化處理，提高光的提取效率, 高反射鏡和透明電極. 當時, 白光LED總效率可達 52%.
隨著LED光效的提高, 一方面, 晶片變得越來越小, 一定尺寸外延片上可切割的晶片數量不斷增加, 從而降低單晶片成本. 另一方面, 單晶片的威力越來越大. 例如, 現在是3W, 未來將向5W、10W發展. This can reduce the number of chips used for lighting applications with power requirements and reduce the cost of application systems.
簡而言之, flip chip method, high voltage, and silicon-based gallium nitride will still be the development direction of semiconductor lighting chips.
Packaging level
Chip-level packaging, LED filament packaging, high color rendering index and wide color gamut will be the development trend of packaging technology in the future. The use of transparent conductive film, surface roughening technology, and DBR reflector technology to improve the light efficiency of LED lamp beads is still the mainstream technology for positive packaging; at the same time, the COB/COF technology with flip-chip structure is also the focus of packaging manufacturers, and the integrated packaged light engine will become the research and development focus of the next season.
The popularization of power-free solutions (high-voltage LEDs) and COB/COF applications: Driven by cost factors, power-free solutions have gradually become acceptable products, and high-voltage LEDs fully cater to power-free solutions, but what needs to be solved is chip reliability. With the advantages of low thermal resistance, good light type, no welding, and low cost, COB applications will be widely popularized in the future.
另外, medium power will become the mainstream packaging method. Most of the products on the market are high-power LED products or low-power LED products. Although they have their own advantages, they also have insurmountable defects. Medium-power LED products that combine the advantages of both have emerged.
還有新材料在包裝上的應用. 耐高溫等環境耐受性較高的材料, 抗紫外線和低吸水率, 如熱固性材料EMC, 熱塑性PCT, 改性 PPA 和陶瓷類塑料, 將被廣泛使用.
對於光品質的需求, 用於室內照明, LED顯色指數CRI為 80 作為標準和 90+ 作為目標, 且照明產品的光色盡可能接近普朗克曲線, 從而提高LED的光質. 將來, 室內照明也將更重視光的質量.
透過優化LED封裝技術, 光效進一步提高, 並已突破200lm/W, 遠高於其他大量使用的傳統光源. LED燈珠的散熱性能將進一步提高, 可靠性將進一步提高, 燈珠的壽命將進一步延長, 使光色品質進一步提高, 最終人眼的舒適度將進一步提升.
LED application research and development level
現在, 應用廠商主要採用新型散熱材料, 先進光學設計與新型光學材料實現LED照明產品成本最佳化, 在確保產品性能的同時.
但在未來, LED照明應用廠商將重點放在這幾點:
1. 基於應用場景需求的可互換LED光引擎技術;
2. LED intelligent lighting system architecture technology based on the Internet of Things platform;
3. Development of LED lighting fixtures based on reliability design, and development of high-performance LED lighting fixtures that maintain color/brightness consistency during the use cycle;
4. Development of lamps based on large-area high-efficiency diffuser technology;
5. Lighting system solution technology and service system for online light environment experience;
6. The rich color characteristics of LED light sources, which makes scene lighting also the core competitiveness of LED lighting.
Traditional lighting fixtures are designed around the shape and size of the light source, and the size is fixed.
The characteristics of LED lighting fixtures are:
The shape of the lamp is free and the appearance is creative;
The size of the lamp is free and the size is flexible;
The light quantity of the lamp is free and the lighting is on demand;
The spectrum of the lamp is free and the light color is smart;
The position of the lamp is free and the installation is arbitrary.
將來, the shape of LED lamps will no longer be limited to the shape of traditional lamps, but will tend to be free and hidden. The free shape can meet individual needs on the one hand, and can be used as a decoration on the other hand; the hidden nature of LED will make the lighting fixtures hidden in an embedded form but ubiquitous.
同時, LED lighting products can realize the arbitrary control of light lumens, no longer limited to a fixed wattage in a certain area and a certain scene, which will be a great technological advancement.
Intelligent lighting: future development trend
Intelligent lighting refers to the use of intelligent clients to collect, process and control information, and achieve safety, 節能, health and comfort through functions such as brightness adjustment, light switch distribution control, spectrum adjustment control, scene setting, 等.
The characteristics of intelligent lighting technology include distribution, remote control and telemetry, openness, compatibility, 互動性, 等.
To achieve intelligent lighting, it is necessary to have client intelligent operation technology and data collection technology, Internet data transmission technology, cloud big data management and analysis technology, and customer online experience situational lighting technology. Only based on these technologies can intelligent lighting be truly realized.
The requirements for intelligent lighting in the future are personalized display, simple control, and emotional sensing.
Because home lighting has simple lighting needs and is easier to control, intelligent LED lighting will start from here. 然而, with the development of technology, a good lighting system will be needed even in public places in the future. 例如, the demand for intelligent outdoor landscape lighting is very high, but technology is difficult to meet the demand.
How to break through the technical bottlenecks and price barriers of intelligent lighting in public places such as outdoor lighting and commercial lighting has also become an urgent problem to be solved.
Intelligence is an inevitable trend in future life. The intelligence of LED燈 is only a small part of the intelligence of various home appliances. Enterprises must make lamps intelligent and diverse through technological research and development to meet the personalized needs of customers. 然而, due to the high cost and poor product matching of intelligent lighting technology, LED intelligent lighting products cannot be popularized.
With the improvement of technology, the stabilization of product performance and the reduction of costs, intelligent LED lamps will definitely be widely circulated in the market. Whether LED companies have mastered intelligent lighting technology and designed products and intelligent control systems that meet market demand largely determines whether the company can develop in the long run.
From the perspective of usage scenarios, different scenarios have different lighting needs. As a torrent of LED lighting, the development of LED indoor lighting has gone through three main stages:
1. Improve product performance.
In this stage, LED companies focus on improving product efficiency and ensuring the lighting quality of LED products, such as improving the efficiency of LED light sources, MR16 lamp cups and LED modules;
Second, optimize costs.
In this stage, companies should try to shorten the product recycling cycle, increase their own product capacity, and produce cost-effective products accepted by customers by improving product research and development technology;
第三, lead the digitalization of light.
There are three important indicators for measuring the quality of indoor lighting: physical indicators, physiological indicators and psychological indicators. Different lighting environments will affect consumers’ physiological indicators such as heart rate and blood pressure, thereby affecting consumers’ psychological comfort. In lighting applications, physiological indicators and psychological indicators are more important.
將來, indoor lighting will not pay too much attention to light efficiency, but will pay more attention to the quality of light, pay more attention to the emotional experience of customers, create a pleasant environment through the perception of light, and the color difference of lamps in different observation directions. The color difference, color drift and stroboscopic of LED products themselves will affect the indoor lighting effect.