YUANNENGJI Med den kontinuerliga utvecklingen av LED-belysningsteknik och den ökande uppmärksamheten från samhället till energikrisen, LED-belysningsindustrin har inlett en period av fullskalig explosion, locka ett stort antal fonder och företag att gå in, och konkurrensen på belysningsmarknaden har blivit allt hårdare.
Om vi tittar på utvecklingen av LED-belysningsteknik, vi kan prata om det ur tre aspekter: chip nivå, förpackningsnivå, och applikationsnivå. Chipnivån fokuserar främst på tillverkningstekniken för LED; förpackningsnivån handlar främst om hur man omvandlar LED-chips till lamppärlor eller ljuskällor som kan användas för belysning; Teknikutvecklingen på LED-applikationsnivå är relativt komplex, främst inklusive utveckling av elektronisk styrteknik, utveckling och användning av nya material, och utveckling och förbättring av kvalitetsutvärderingsteknik för miljöbelysning.
Chipnivå
Strävan efter hög ljuseffektivitet har alltid varit drivkraften för utvecklingen av LED-chipteknologi. Flip-chip-teknik är för närvarande en av de viktigaste teknikerna för att erhålla högeffektiva och kraftfulla LED-chips. Sapphire och dess stödjande vertikala struktur laser substrat lyft teknik (LLO) och ny bindningsteknik i substratmaterial kommer fortfarande att dominera under lång tid.
Men inom en snar framtid, metallhalvledarstruktur kommer att användas för att förbättra ohmsk kontakt, kristallkvalitet, elektronmobilitet och elektrisk injektionseffektivitet. Samtidigt, extraktionseffektiviteten för ljuset kommer att förbättras genom att göra ytan på LED-chipformen och fotonisk kristall ruggig, högreflekterande spegel och transparent elektrod. Då, den totala effektiviteten för vitt ljus LED kan nå 52%.
Med förbättringen av LED-ljuseffektiviteten, å ena sidan, markerna blir mindre och mindre, och antalet marker som kan skäras på en viss storlek av epitaxial wafer ökar, vilket minskar kostnaden för ett enda chip. Å andra sidan, kraften i ett enda chip blir större och större. Till exempel, det är 3W nu, och den kommer att utvecklas till 5W och 10W i framtiden. Detta kan minska antalet chips som används för belysningstillämpningar med effektkrav och minska kostnaderna för applikationssystem.
Kort sagt, flip chip-metod, högspänning, och kiselbaserad galliumnitrid kommer fortfarande att vara utvecklingsriktningen för halvledarbelysningschips.
Förpackningsnivå
Förpackning på chipsnivå, LED-filamentförpackning, högt färgåtergivningsindex och brett färgomfång kommer att vara utvecklingstrenden för förpackningsteknologi i framtiden. Användningen av transparent ledande film, teknik för uppruggning av ytan, och DBR-reflektorteknik för att förbättra ljuseffektiviteten hos LED-lamppärlor är fortfarande den vanliga tekniken för positiv förpackning; samtidigt, COB/COF-tekniken med flip-chip-struktur är också i fokus för förpackningstillverkare, och den integrerade paketerade ljusmotorn kommer att bli forsknings- och utvecklingsfokus för nästa säsong.
Populariseringen av strömfria lösningar (högspänningslysdioder) och COB/COF-applikationer: Drivs av kostnadsfaktorer, strömfria lösningar har gradvis blivit acceptabla produkter, och högspänningslysdioder tillgodoser helt strömfria lösningar, men det som måste lösas är chiptillförlitlighet. Med fördelarna med lågt termiskt motstånd, bra ljustyp, ingen svetsning, och låg kostnad, COB-applikationer kommer att bli allmänt populära i framtiden.
Dessutom, mellankraft kommer att bli den vanliga förpackningsmetoden. De flesta av produkterna på marknaden är LED-produkter med hög effekt eller LED-produkter med låg effekt. Även om de har sina egna fördelar, de har också oöverstigliga defekter. Medelkraftiga LED-produkter som kombinerar fördelarna med båda har dykt upp.
There is also the application of new materials in packaging. Materials with higher environmental tolerance such as high temperature resistance, UV resistance and low water absorption, such as thermosetting materials EMC, thermoplastic PCT, modified PPA and ceramic-like plastics, will be widely used.
For the demand for light quality, for indoor lighting, the LED color rendering index CRI is 80 as the standard and 90+ as the goal, and the light color of lighting products is as close to the Planck curve as possible, so as to improve the light quality of LED. In the future, indoor lighting will also pay more attention to the quality of light.
By optimizing LED packaging technology, the light efficiency is further improved, and it has exceeded 200lm/W, which is much higher than other traditional light sources used in large quantities. The heat dissipation performance of LED lamp beads will be further improved, the reliability will be further improved, and the life of lamp beads will be further extended, so that the light color quality will be further improved, and finally the comfort of human eyes will be further improved.
LED-applikationsforskning och utvecklingsnivå
Currently, application manufacturers mainly use new heat dissipation materials, advanced optical design and new optical materials to achieve cost optimization of LED lighting products, while ensuring product performance.
But in the future, LED lighting application manufacturers will focus on these points:
1. Interchangeable LED light engine technology based on application scenario requirements;
2. LED intelligent lighting system architecture technology based on the Internet of Things platform;
3. Development of LED lighting fixtures based on reliability design, and development of high-performance LED lighting fixtures that maintain color/brightness consistency during the use cycle;
4. Development of lamps based on large-area high-efficiency diffuser technology;
5. Lighting system solution technology and service system for online light environment experience;
6. The rich color characteristics of LED light sources, which makes scene lighting also the core competitiveness of LED lighting.
Traditional lighting fixtures are designed around the shape and size of the light source, and the size is fixed.
Egenskaperna för LED-belysningsarmaturer är:
The shape of the lamp is free and the appearance is creative;
The size of the lamp is free and the size is flexible;
The light quantity of the lamp is free and the lighting is on demand;
The spectrum of the lamp is free and the light color is smart;
The position of the lamp is free and the installation is arbitrary.
In the future, the shape of LED lamps will no longer be limited to the shape of traditional lamps, but will tend to be free and hidden. The free shape can meet individual needs on the one hand, and can be used as a decoration on the other hand; the hidden nature of LED will make the lighting fixtures hidden in an embedded form but ubiquitous.
Samtidigt, LED lighting products can realize the arbitrary control of light lumens, no longer limited to a fixed wattage in a certain area and a certain scene, which will be a great technological advancement.
Intelligent belysning: framtida utvecklingstrend
Intelligent lighting refers to the use of intelligent clients to collect, process and control information, and achieve safety, energibesparing, health and comfort through functions such as brightness adjustment, light switch distribution control, spectrum adjustment control, scene setting, etc.
The characteristics of intelligent lighting technology include distribution, remote control and telemetry, openness, compatibility, interaktivitet, etc.
To achieve intelligent lighting, it is necessary to have client intelligent operation technology and data collection technology, Internet data transmission technology, cloud big data management and analysis technology, and customer online experience situational lighting technology. Only based on these technologies can intelligent lighting be truly realized.
The requirements for intelligent lighting in the future are personalized display, simple control, and emotional sensing.
Because home lighting has simple lighting needs and is easier to control, intelligent LED lighting will start from here. Men, with the development of technology, a good lighting system will be needed even in public places in the future. Till exempel, the demand for intelligent outdoor landscape lighting is very high, but technology is difficult to meet the demand.
How to break through the technical bottlenecks and price barriers of intelligent lighting in public places such as outdoor lighting and commercial lighting has also become an urgent problem to be solved.
Intelligence is an inevitable trend in future life. The intelligence of LED-lampor is only a small part of the intelligence of various home appliances. Enterprises must make lamps intelligent and diverse through technological research and development to meet the personalized needs of customers. Men, due to the high cost and poor product matching of intelligent lighting technology, LED intelligent lighting products cannot be popularized.
With the improvement of technology, the stabilization of product performance and the reduction of costs, intelligent LED lamps will definitely be widely circulated in the market. Whether LED companies have mastered intelligent lighting technology and designed products and intelligent control systems that meet market demand largely determines whether the company can develop in the long run.
From the perspective of usage scenarios, different scenarios have different lighting needs. As a torrent of LED lighting, the development of LED indoor lighting has gone through three main stages:
1. Improve product performance.
In this stage, LED companies focus on improving product efficiency and ensuring the lighting quality of LED products, such as improving the efficiency of LED light sources, MR16 lamp cups and LED modules;
Second, optimize costs.
In this stage, companies should try to shorten the product recycling cycle, increase their own product capacity, and produce cost-effective products accepted by customers by improving product research and development technology;
Third, lead the digitalization of light.
There are three important indicators for measuring the quality of indoor lighting: physical indicators, physiological indicators and psychological indicators. Different lighting environments will affect consumers’ physiological indicators such as heart rate and blood pressure, thereby affecting consumers’ psychological comfort. In lighting applications, physiological indicators and psychological indicators are more important.
In the future, indoor lighting will not pay too much attention to light efficiency, but will pay more attention to the quality of light, pay more attention to the emotional experience of customers, create a pleasant environment through the perception of light, and the color difference of lamps in different observation directions. The color difference, color drift and stroboscopic of LED products themselves will affect the indoor lighting effect.